At the beginning of China's new energy vehicles, fuel cell vehicles are still very cutting-edge and niche. In recent years, with the joint promotion of industry and science and technology government departments, new energy vehicles have made great progress, fuel The battery car is also listed as a national support, and mass production is just around the corner.
Fuel cell cost is high and high efficiency
The biggest difference between a fuel cell and a power battery is that the fuel cell is an open system, and hydrogen and oxygen are continuously input into the stack, so its sealing and storage are critical; and the electrolyte of the power battery cannot be leaked casually. The leak is easy to catch fire.
In terms of cost, the power battery system is relatively simple, there is no precious metal, the cost is relatively low; the fuel cell needs precious metal platinum (Pt), the cost is higher, the fuel cell cruising range is longer than the power battery cruising range.
Compared with internal combustion engines, the advantages of fuel cells are even more obvious. According to Li Jianqiu, a professor at Tsinghua University, fuel cell engines and internal combustion engines have the same peripheral systems, including cooling systems, air filtration systems, temperature sensors, throttles, etc. The supply system, how the hydrogen is delivered to the stack and how the fuel is delivered, has complex electronic control systems. And with the working conditions of its work, the temperature and regularity are changing, and at the same time satisfying the conditions of the vehicle and the environment.
The difference between a fuel cell and an internal combustion engine is that the internal combustion engine needs to have mechanical transmission, and there are pollutants generated during the operation; while the fuel cell outputs electrical law, and needs electric transmission technology, no pollutants are generated, and the theoretical efficiency can be as high as possible. Sixty or seventy percent.
Li Jianqiu pointed out that at present, fuel cell vehicles can achieve 5 kilograms of hydrogen in 3 minutes. For a car, 1 kilogram of hydrogen can run 100 kilometers, so the basic cruising range of 500 kilometers can be included, in addition to cost. The performance of this vehicle is fully achievable with the internal combustion engine car PK.
"The fuel cost of fuel cell vehicles will be between pure electric and diesel locomotives," said Li Jianqiu, a professor at Tsinghua University. "If it is from the end user, a fuel cell car, according to 100 kilograms of kilograms of hydrogen, costs about 20 yuan, it is about half cheaper than the internal combustion engine according to 2020, our country's 100 kilometers fuel consumption is 5 liters, but Pure electric is a bit more expensive."
Entering a large number of promotion stages around 2020
The US Department of Energy estimates that the cost of a fuel cell vehicle will reach less than $30,000 by 2020. Li Jianqiu believes that the cost of a fuel cell is comparable to that of an internal combustion engine in the case of a mileage of five or six hundred kilometers.
At present, Toyota, Hyundai, General Motors, Nissan, and Mercedes-Benz have developed corresponding fuel cell cars. The maximum speed acceleration performance of these cars is no different from that of traditional internal combustion engines. In recent years, a car platinum (Pt) The amount of the product is gradually decreasing, and the engine that has achieved more than 100 kilowatts uses only 20 grams of platinum (Pt).
As for the development of fuel cells in China, with the support of the previous three five-year science and technology plans, we have basically mastered each other's parts and platform technologies, but it is not enough in terms of scale, standardization and consistency. In some basic components, such as air compressors, etc., the gap is relatively large, and it is obviously backward in terms of durability, power density and low cost.
Li Jianqiu said that if our country's policies are properly implemented, fuel cell vehicles, including passenger cars and cars, will have obvious breakthroughs in the next five years, and will enter a large number of promotion stages around 2020. For the sedan, it is mainly a technical breakthrough. In 2020, large-scale industrialization will be realized. Before 2025, it will be a large-scale industrial production stage.
What kind of car is easy to develop?
At present, what kind of car has the promotion significance, can increase production and sales in a short period of time? Is a car like a big fuel cell engine or a 30 kW fuel cell taxi like the UK?
Li Jianqiu’s expenditures, there are basically no pure fuel cell-driven models in the world, more fuel-based power mixing and energy mixing, and extended range, etc., that is, the power battery as the main power support, the fuel cell is only As an extension of mileage.
Due to the development of China's comprehensive focus on pure electric vehicles, the advantage should be based on the pure electric reactor, the way through the range extender on the pure electric platform, the first one, its cost can be reduced, the second, its durability Sex can also be improved. Therefore, China should develop an extended program and an energy hybrid type, and the next step is to develop a power hybrid type.
Taking the EV200 of Beiqi as an example, for example, it is now pure electric 200 km 30 kWh, we add 10 degrees, plus 10-20 kW range extender, the appropriate plug-in can reduce operating costs, and then get fuel cell Subsidies, this will enable mass production of fuel cell cars by 2020.
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