New Wave of Digital Manufacturing Drives Development of 3D Printing Industry

3D printing technology has become a new force that subverts traditional manufacturing methods from simple technological innovation. However, the shift from traditional central production to decentralized production methods is far more profound.

Currently, 3D printing technology is in the development of the blowout period, 3D printing data standards may affect the equipment and application of two aspects, which we should seize the standard research and master the right to speak.

Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum, stated in his book The Fourth Industrial Revolution that the fourth industrial revolution based on the digital revolution has arrived and that these technologies are Our economy, commerce, society and individuals bring unprecedented changes, and 3D printing is a typical example of these technologies. Lu Pingheng, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Dean of the School of Mechanical Engineering of Xi'an Jiaotong University, said in an interview with reporters that 3D printing technology is a disruptive technology that has developed rapidly in recent years. It has reconstructed social production and lifestyle, and we will usher in its development. Blowout period.

Disruptive technology sought after

On June 16, two news once again pushed 3D printing to people's perspective. The Third Hospital of Peking University successfully implemented the world's first 3D-printed artificial vertebral body implanted in humans. The artificial vertebral body was born and approved by the State Food and Drug Administration. Local Motors, a 3D printing company in Arizona, launched a 3D printing. The self-driving electric bus Olli, and part of this car is recyclable.

3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, prints real objects layer by layer based on digital 3D images or models. It was first proposed by the United States in 1986 and has been in existence for more than two decades. Traditional processing and manufacturing is based on raw materials, using cutting, grinding, corrosion, melting and other methods, constantly cutting off the useless, and then get the parts, this is called "subtraction"; 3D printing without raw embryos and molds, it The materials are layered on top of one another. The machines that produce the products are like printers. They use superposition and stacking to form products. This is called "addition."

Why did the technologies of several decades ago again “fever”? Experts believe that on the one hand, 3D printing has made breakthroughs in large-scale processing of large-scale key metal components, becoming a revolutionary technology; on the other hand, a new world is currently emerging. With the wave of digital manufacturing, developed countries are vigorously advocating "reindustrialization and remanufacturing" to cope with the decline in the competitiveness of the manufacturing industry. The key is advanced manufacturing technologies such as 3D printing. The advanced manufacturing represented by 3D printing has become a strategic high ground for national governments to seize.

3D printing is a disruptive and innovative technology. It was called by the American Science Foundation as the most important manufacturing technology innovation in the 20th century. The McCarthy report listed 12 technologies that have a disruptive impact on human life, with 3D printing ranked ninth ahead of new materials and shale gas. The McCarthy report predicts that 3D printing will reach around $1 trillion in benefits worldwide in 2030. The McCarthy report in 2015 moved forward with this process, and believes that additive manufacturing will achieve US$550 billion in benefits by 2020.

In Lu Bingheng's view, 3D printing is also called subversive technology because of its impact on people's production and life. He believes that 3D printing changes the way people live and work. People can choose products they don’t need in the mall afterwards, publish their own needs online, design a lot of customers, and then subcontract and organize production. Physical delivery. As a result, it has changed the social production model and brought more room for innovation.

“People are no longer constrained by the unit. Designers may be freelancers. This changes the organizational model of social production and the model of social life. Today you can design airplanes and you can design fashion tomorrow. Personal innovation capabilities can The greatest degree of play has been achieved and a truly innovative society has been formed.” Lu Bingheng stated that with the advent of the personalized consumption era, if there are deviations in the design of large-volume production, if the production and sales are not right, they will not be sold and cause waste. Now Haier designs together with users to reflect the needs of users. This product is definitely the user needs. Personalization and customization became possible because informationization provided a platform for personalized design and manufacturing.

Lu Bingheng said that 3D printing has become one of the most popular tools for makers. It can provide a customized production model for industries such as wearable electronics, household products, cultural industries, and apparel design. It is expected to lead the third industrial revolution from high-volume manufacturing to personalization, and to promote public innovation and entrepreneurship.

The author of the Zero Marginal Cost Society, Mr. Jeremy Rifkin, painted a beautiful future for 3D printing. It changed from pure technological innovation to a new force that subverts traditional manufacturing methods. However, the shift from traditional central production to decentralized production methods is far more profound.

3D printing explosion technology revolution

Lu Bingheng stated that 3D printing can bring about many disruptive changes. For example, in the aerospace field, the utilization rate of materials can be increased from 5% to over 90%, and the manufacturing cycle can be reduced from months to days; the design of concept aircraft can be 60% reduction in quality; production of new energy vehicles, can integrate 20,000 parts into 40 parts, 6 days printing and weight loss 1/3.

Unlike large-scale production, 3D printing products can be easily customized. At present, this technology has been widely used in manufacturing, human health, consumer products and other fields.

According to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, in the manufacturing industry, the tipping point for 3D printing is the advent of the first 3D-printed car. According to a survey conducted by the book, 84% of respondents believe that the tipping point will be in 2025. Appeared before.

The United States "Fortune" magazine recently reported a case of 3D printing technology used in manufacturing: General Electric's leaP jet engine is not only the company's star product, but also will soon be equipped with fuel injection nozzles made entirely of additive manufacturing technology. On June 16th, Local Motors, a 3D printing company in Arizona, launched a 3D-printed self-driving electric bus Olli, and part of the car is recyclable.

In the field of human health, the Fourth Industrial Revolution stated that the tipping point for technology was the first 3D-printed liver transplant technology. According to surveys, 76% of respondents believe that tipping points will occur before 2025. In the future, 3D printers can not only print items but also make human organs - a process known as "bioprinting." The printing process for organs and common items is roughly the same, except that there are special requirements for the material, such as titanium powder for bone production. 3D printing has great potential to meet the customization needs of customers, and nothing needs customization more than the human body.

"In the future, people can print 'parts' that their bodies need, where they are broken, and there are now scientists working on the use of degradable materials to build a scaffold similar to the ones needed by the body to attach stem cell growth factors. , To create an organ growth environment. And other degradable materials gradually degrade, grow out of cells, and thus print out the final needs of the organ." Lu Bingheng said.

In August 2015, Nanjing Children's Hospital took the lead in applying 3D printing to the treatment of children with congenital heart disease. The hospital's cardiac surgeons used 3D printing technology to print out a baby's heart model at a ratio of 1:1. , and applied it to surgery to successfully repair the heart of a complicated congenital heart disease baby born only for 3 months. On June 16th this year, the Third Hospital of Peking University announced the successful implementation of the world's first 3D-printed artificial vertebral body implanted into the human body. The artificial vertebral body was born and was approved by the State Food and Drug Administration.

In the field of consumer products, the Fourth Industrial Revolution stated that the tipping point for 3D printing is 5% of the total amount of consumer goods for 3D printing. The book's survey shows that 81% of respondents believe that the tipping point will be in 2025. Appeared before.

As long as you have a 3D printing device, anyone can easily do 3D printing. This technology enables some traditional consumer products to be printed locally according to their needs. Customers do not have to go to the store to buy it. 3D printers are expected to become essential equipment in offices and even homes. Statistics show that in 2014, the global shipment of 3D printers reached 133,000 units, an increase of 68% over 2013. The price of most of these printers does not exceed $10,000, which applies to laboratories, schools, and small manufacturing companies.

3D printing technology has become a strategic highland for competition among countries. The Obama administration of the United States spent 70 million U.S. dollars to establish the National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute. The Singapore government has invested US$500 million in future manufacturing plans, focusing on improving the technical level of workers and engineers and establishing a new 3D printing industry ecosystem.

In response to a new round of scientific and technological revolutions and industrial changes, China has formulated “Made in China 2025”, insisting on innovation-driven, intelligent transformation, strengthening the foundation, and green development, and accelerating the transition from manufacturing to a manufacturing power. At the end of August last year, Premier Li Keqiang presided over a special lecture of the State Council to discuss issues such as accelerating the development of advanced manufacturing and 3D printing. This is the first time that the current government has held special seminars. 3D printing, as an advanced manufacturing technology, first appeared in this session of the State Council. According to the reporter's understanding, the relevant departments of our country have also approved the project of additive manufacturing for key R&D projects. The project plans to spend two years investing 2 billion yuan in research and development of 3D printing mainstream technologies and mainstream equipment, and to demonstrate the development of key applications.

3D printing will usher in the blowout period in the coming years

In recent years, the 3D printing industry and market have seen explosive growth. In 2015, global additive manufacturing and 3D printing market sales reached US$5.165 billion, an increase of 25.9% over 2014.

According to forecasts, global sales in 2016 will increase to 7.3 billion U.S. dollars, and in 2018 this figure will be 12.7 billion U.S. dollars. By 2020, the market is expected to reach 21.2 billion U.S. dollars.

Southwest Securities (7.560, -0.02, -0.26%) research report pointed out that the domestic secondary market is still in the stage of thematic investment for 3D printing, and the design materials, equipment, and application services as a whole benefit. In the next few years, China's 3D printing market will still maintain a growth rate of about 40%, and by 2018 it is expected to exceed 20 billion yuan. In the face of the billion-dollar market, cities such as Zhuhai, Qingdao, Wuhan, and Chengdu have also begun to build 3D printing industrial parks and provide support for funds, land, and supporting policies.

Lu Bingheng said that China's 3D printing research work is doing well and is ranked first in the world, and the number of 3D printing patents is ranked second in the world. 3D printing is a world leader in research in some areas. Professor Wang Huaming of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics printed the aircraft landing gear and has now installed it in batches. In 2001, Xi'an Jiaotong University did personalized mandible repair until 2012, when Europe made its first case.

Lu Bingheng also pointed out that the development of the 3D printing industry in China is still far from the United States. For example, no industrial chain was formed, and the industrial environment was not matched. In addition, in some core technologies and key devices, such as lasers in 3D printers, they still rely heavily on foreign countries. At present, most applications of 3D printing in China still focus on the development of the military industry and mold manufacturing. From the perspective of the number of devices, the number of various 3D printing devices in the United States currently accounts for 40% of the world, while China only has about 8%.

What are the bottlenecks for further development in the future? Lu Bingheng stated that the bottleneck for 3D printing technology to break through is the scale of industrialization, and the scale of industrialization must go first to solve the problem of standardization. Without standards, there is no way to solve the problem of access. Without access, there is no way to promote applications. "We broke through the maxillofacial prosthetic technique in 2001, and the results have long been mature. The application for certification has been for six or seven years. Due to the lack of national standards, it has not been approved. If there is no standard, it cannot be issued, and it cannot be applied on a large scale. Aviation is also difficult and there are no standards. It cannot be measured whether it meets the appropriate aviation standards and it cannot be applied on a large scale. The applications of these two industries have broad prospects."

The second is the problem of original technology. We are not very original in our own right now and the development of core devices is not enough. There is still a lot of room for innovation in 3D printing, so we should develop disciplines to develop original technologies.

Lu Bingheng said that at present, 3D printing technology is in the development of the blowout period, 3D printing data standards may affect the equipment and application of two aspects, we should seize the standard research and control the right to speak. In aerospace parts and high-end medical devices, it is necessary to actively study the standard of access to 3D printed personalized manufacturing products in order to facilitate the application of new technologies. We must strengthen basic research, develop original technologies, innovate in the development of new materials for 3D printing, significantly improve the quality of prints, and print efficiency; establish innovation systems, provide core technologies and common technologies for enterprises, and overcome critical core devices. The industry chain; Microsoft, Apple, and Amazon in the United States have all joined the 3D printing industry. We want to help our country's 3D printing companies become bigger and stronger, forming a number of companies with international competition.

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